SCIENTIFIC The actual 7-factor theoretical structure of the Woodcock-Johnson Fourth Edition (WJ IV) Cognitive was not investigated by the test publisher. Instead, the structure for the WJ IV Cognitive battery was extrapolated from analyses of the full WJ IV test battery. The present study investigated the theoretical structure of the WJ IV Cognitive in isolation, using maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis applied to 2 standardization sample age groups (Age 9 to 13 and Age 14 to 19). The results of this study propose an alternate theoretical structure for the WJ IV Cognitive—one that aligns with the prior 4-factor conceptualizations of the Wechsler Scales (i.e., Verbal Ability, Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Perceptual Reasoning) rather than the 7-factor Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) structure posited in the WJ IV Technical Manual. Implications for direct application of CHC-index-level interpretation and approaches to clinical interpretation, such as cross-battery assessment and processing strengths and weaknesses, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)